Definitions

EASA

FCL.010 Definitions

Definitionen Definitions

For the purposes of this Part, the following definitions apply:

Aerobatic flight

means an intentional manoeuvre involving an abrupt change in an aircraft’s attitude, an abnormal attitude, or abnormal acceleration, not necessary for normal flight or for instruction for licences or ratings other than the aerobatic rating.

Kunstflug vol acrobatique

Aeroplane

means an engine-driven fixed-wing aircraft heavier than air which is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of the air against its wings.

Flugzeug Avion

Aeroplane required to be operated with a co-pilot

means a type of aeroplane which is required to be operated with a co-pilot as specified in the flight manual or by the air operator certificate.

Flugzeug, das mit einem Kopiloten betrieben werden muss avion qui doit être exploité avec un copilote

Aircraft

means any machine which can derive support in the atmosphere from the reactions of the air other than the reactions of the air against the earth’s surface.

Luftfahrzeug Aéronef

Airmanship

means the consistent use of good judgement and well-developed knowledge, skills and attitudes to accomplish flight objectives.

Verhalten als Luftfahrer Sens de l'air

Airship

means a power-driven lighter-than-air aircraft, with the exception of hot-air airships, which, for the purposes of this Part, are included in the definition of balloon.

Luftschiff Dirigeable

Balloon

means a lighter-than-air aircraft which is not engine-driven and sustains flight through the use of either gas or an airborne heater. For the purposes of this Part, a hot-air airship, although engine-driven, is also considered a balloon.

Ballon Ballon

Basic Instrument Training Device (BITD)

means a ground-based training device which represents the student pilot’s station of a class of aeroplanes. It may use screen-based instrument panels and spring-loaded flight controls, providing a training platform for at least the procedural aspects of instrument flight.

Übungsgerät für die Grundlagen des Instrumentenflugs système basique d’entraînement au vol aux instruments

Category of aircraft

means a categorisation of aircraft according to specified basic characteristics, for example aeroplane, powered-lift, helicopter, airship, sailplane, free balloon.

Luftfahrzeugkategorie Catégorie d'aéronef

Class of aeroplane

means a categorisation of single-pilot aeroplanes not requiring a type rating.

Flugzeugklasse Classe d'avion

Class of balloon

means a categorisation of balloons taking into account the lifting means used to sustain flight.

Ballonklasse delta:definitions#classe_de_ballons

Commercial air transport

means the transport of passengers, cargo or mail for remuneration or hire.

Gewerbsmäßige Beförderung Transport aérien commercial

Competency

means a combination of skills, knowledge and attitude required to perform a task to the prescribed standard.

Kompetenz Competence

Competency element

means an action which constitutes a task that has a triggering event and a terminating event that clearly defines its limits, and an observable outcome.

Kompetenzelement élément de compétence

Competency unit

means a discrete function consisting of a number of competency elements.

Kompetenzeinheit Unité de compétence

Co-pilot

means a pilot operating other than as pilot-in-command, on an aircraft for which more than one pilot is required, but excluding a pilot who is on board the aircraft for the sole purpose of receiving flight instruction for a licence or rating.

Kopilot Copilote

Cross-country

means a flight between a point of departure and a point of arrival following a pre-planned route, using standard navigation procedures.

Überlandflug

Cruise relief co-pilot

means a pilot who relieves the co-pilot of his/her duties at the controls during the cruise phase of a flight in multi-pilot operations above FL 200.

Kopilot, der zur Ablösung im Reiseflug qualifiziert ist Copilote de relève en croisière

Dual instruction time

means flight time or instrument ground time during which a person is receiving flight instruction from a properly authorised instructor.

Ausbildungszeit mit einem Lehrberechtigten delta:definitions#temps_de_vol_d_instruction_en_double_commande

Error

means an action or inaction taken by the flight crew which leads to deviations from organisational or flight intentions or expectations.

Fehler Erreur

Error management

means the process of detecting and responding to errors with countermeasures which reduce or eliminate the consequences of errors, and mitigate the probability of errors or undesired aircraft states.

Fehlermanagement Gestion des erreurs

Full Flight Simulator (FFS)

means a full size replica of a specific type or make, model and series aircraft flight deck, including the assemblage of all equipment and computer programmes necessary to represent the aircraft in ground and flight operations, a visual system providing an out-of-the-flight deck view, and a force cueing motion system.

Fluu Flight Simulator simulateur de vol

Flight time:

for aeroplanes, touring motor gliders and powered-lift, it means the total time from the moment an aircraft first moves for the purpose of taking off until the moment it finally comes to rest at the end of the flight;

for helicopters, it means the total time from the moment a helicopter’s rotor blades start turning until the moment the helicopter finally comes to rest at the end of the flight, and the rotor blades are stopped;

for airships, it means the total time from the moment an airship is released from the mast for the purpose of taking off until the moment the airship finally comes to rest at the end of the flight, and is secured on the mast;

for sailplanes, it means the total time from the moment the sailplane commences the ground run in the process of taking off until the moment the sailplane finally comes to a rest at the end of flight;

for balloons, it means the total time from the moment the basket leaves the ground for the purpose of taking off until the moment it finally comes to a rest at the end of the flight.

Flugzeit Temps de vol

Flight time under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR)

means all flight time during which the aircraft is being operated under the Instrument Flight Rules.

Flugzeit nach Instrumentenflugregeln Temps de vol en IFR

Flight Training Device (FTD)

means a full size replica of a specific aircraft type’s instruments, equipment, panels and controls in an open flight deck area or an enclosed aircraft flight deck, including the assemblage of equipment and computer software programmes necessary to represent the aircraft in ground and flight conditions to the extent of the systems installed in the device. It does not require a force cueing motion or visual system, except in the case of helicopter FTD levels 2 and 3, where visual systems are required. ‘Flight and Navigation Procedures Trainer’ (FNPT) means a training device which represents the flight deck or cockpit environment, including the assemblage of equipment and computer programmes necessary to represent an aircraft type or class in flight operations to the extent that the systems appear to function as in an aircraft.

Flugübungsgerät système d’entraînement au vol

Group of balloons

means a categorisation of balloons, taking into account the size or capacity of the envelope.

Ballongruppe Groupe de ballons

Helicopter

means a heavier-than-air aircraft supported in flight chiefly by the reactions of the air on one or more power-driven rotors on substantially vertical axes.

Hubschrauber Hélicoptère

Instrument flight time

means the time during which a pilot is controlling an aircraft in flight solely by reference to instruments.

Instrumentenflugzeit Temps de vol aux instruments

Instrument ground time

means the time during which a pilot is receiving instruction in simulated instrument flight, in flight simulation training devices (FSTD).

Instrumentenbodenzeit Temps aux instruments au sol

Instrument time

means instrument flight time or instrument ground time.

Instrumentenzeit Temps aux instruments

Multi-pilot operation:

for aeroplanes, it means an operation requiring at least 2 pilots using multi-crew cooperation in either multi-pilot or single-pilot aeroplanes;

for helicopters, it means an operation requiring at least 2 pilots using multi-crew cooperation on multi-pilot heli­copters.

Luftfahrzeug mit mehreren Piloten L’exploitation multipilote

Multi-crew cooperation (MCC)

means the functioning of the flight crew as a team of cooperating members led by the pilot-in-command.

Zusammenarbeit mehrerer Besatzungsmitglieder Travail en équipage

Multi-pilot aircraft:

for aeroplanes, it means aeroplanes certificated for operation with a minimum crew of at least two pilots;

for helicopters, airships and powered-lift aircraft, it means the type of aircraft which is required to be operated with a co-pilot as specified in the flight manual or by the air operator certificate or equivalent document.

Luftfahrzeug mit mehreren Piloten Aéronef multipilote

Night

means the period between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight or such other period between sunset and sunrise as may be prescribed by the appropriate authority, as defined by the Member State.

Nacht Nuit

Other training devices (OTD)

means training aids other than flight simulators, flight training devices or flight and navigation procedures trainers which provide means for training where a complete flight deck environment is not necessary.

Sonstige Ausbildungsgeräte Autres dispositifs d’entraînement

Performance criteria

means a simple, evaluative statement on the required outcome of the competency element and a description of the criteria used to judge if the required level of performance has been achieved.

Leistungskriterien Critères de performance

Pilot-in-command (PIC)

means the pilot designated as being in command and charged with the safe conduct of the flight.

Verantwortlicher Pilot Commandant de bord

Pilot-in-command under supervision (PICUS)

means a co-pilot performing, under the supervision of the pilot-in-command, the duties and functions of a pilot-in-command.

Verantwortlicher Pilot unter Aufsicht pilote commandant de bord sous supervision

Powered-lift aircraft

means any aircraft deriving vertical lift and in flight propulsion/lift from variable geometry rotors or engines/propulsive devices attached to or contained within the fuselage or wings.

Luftfahrzeug mit vertikaler Start- und Landefähigkeit Aéronef à sustentation motorisée

Powered sailplane

means an aircraft equipped with one or more engines having, with engines inoperative, the char­ acteristics of a sailplane.

Motorsegler Planeur motorisé

Private pilot

means a pilot who holds a licence which prohibits the piloting of aircraft in operations for which remuneration is given, with the exclusion of instruction or examination activities, as established in this Part.

Privatpilot delta:definitions#pilote_prive

Proficiency check

means the demonstration of skill to revalidate or renew ratings, and including such oral examination as may be required.

Befähigungsüberprüfung Contrôle de compétences

Renewal

(of, e.g. a rating or certificate) means the administrative action taken after a rating or certificate has lapsed for the purpose of renewing the privileges of the rating or certificate for a further specified period consequent upon the fulfilment of specified requirements.

Erneuerung

Revalidation

(of, e.g. a rating or certificate) means the administrative action taken within the period of validity of a rating or certificate which allows the holder to continue to exercise the privileges of a rating or certificate for a further specified period consequent upon the fulfilment of specified requirements.

Verlängerung Prorogation

Route sector

means a flight comprising take-off, departure, cruise of not less than 15 minutes, arrival, approach and landing phases.

Streckenabschnitt Étape

Sailplane

means a heavier-than-air aircraft which is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of the air against its fixed lifting surfaces, the free flight of which does not depend on an engine.

Segelflugzeug Planeur

Single-pilot aircraft

means an aircraft certificated for operation by one pilot.

Luftfahrzeug für nur einen Piloten Aéronef monopilote

Skill test

means the demonstration of skill for a licence or rating issue, including such oral examination as may be required.

Praktische Prüfung Examen pratique

Solo flight time

means flight time during which a student pilot is the sole occupant of an aircraft.

Alleinflugzeit Temps de vol en solo

Student pilot-in-command (SPIC)

means a student pilot acting as pilot-in-command on a flight with an instructor where the latter will only observe the student pilot and shall not influence or control the flight of the aircraft.

Ausbildungszeit als verantwortlicher Pilot aspirant pilote-commandant de bord

Threat

means events or errors which occur beyond the influence of the flight crew, increase operational complexity and which must be managed to maintain the margin of safety.

Bedrohung Menace

Threat management

means the process of detecting and responding to the threats with countermeasures which reduce or eliminate the consequences of threats, and mitigate the probability of errors or undesired aircraft states.

Bedrohungsmanagement Gestion des menaces

Touring Motor Glider (TMG)

means a specific class of powered sailplane having an integrally mounted, non-retractable engine and a non-retractable propeller. It shall be capable of taking off and climbing under its own power according to its flight manual.

Reisemotorsegler Moto-planeur

Type of aircraft

means a categorisation of aircraft requiring a type rating as determined in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Part-21, and which include all aircraft of the same basic design including all modifications thereto except those which result in a change in handling or flight characteristics.

Luftfahrzeugmuster Type d'Aéronef

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